World Tuberculosis Day
Tuberculosis is one of the most infectious diseases today. Tuberculosis causes more deaths than malaria and AIDS. According to statistics, India accounts for 26 percent of the total TB cases in the world. We do not have any organ where tuberculosis does not occur. Because tuberculosis is an airborne bacterial infection caused by infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis or TB is an airborne infectious disease. The disease is spread by contact with an infected person and enters the body and first takes shelter in the lungs. Not all TB patients spread TB germs. Those who can spread the infection, sneeze, cough, or even talk, spreading TB germs in the air. This germ stays in the air for several hours. Can enter the lungs of a healthy person during normal breathing. This is how the infection spreads to others. Tuberculosis germs can also be spread by drinking raw milk. In densely populated or closed places, the risk of this germ being transmitted to others is high.
However, apart from the lungs, it can attack various body organs such as bones, brain membranes, kidneys, intestines, and reproductive organs. Common symptoms of TB include a prolonged cough, in some cases coughing up blood, chest pain, weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats.
Symptoms of tuberculosis in children
Diagnosing the disease in children is difficult because children cannot tell what is wrong with them, but parents should keep an eye out if the child is losing weight after eating, or if a child is not gaining weight for months instead of gaining weight the way it should be, the weight remains the same. remains in place, the child's appetite is gone, and parents should suspect that these are symptoms of tuberculosis in children.
Many times there are no other symptoms but the child is getting weak, not playing, yawning all day, wanting to lie down, and being irritable. This can happen if there is tuberculosis in the body.
• Besides, if any child has a mild fever for more than two weeks, cough, phlegm, cold, and cold are also major symptoms. Keep in mind if these last for two consecutive weeks or more.
• Tuberculosis fever is usually around 100 degrees. Do not have very high temperatures. This fever is usually higher in the evening or at night.
• There is a type of tuberculosis called lymph node TB that affects the lymph glands. In severe cases, tuberculosis can spread to the brain. The child may become mentally and physically disabled. Problems with vital organs including eyes and ears may occur. Tuberculosis can affect all parts of the body.
Symptoms of Tuberculosis
If the lungs are affected, the symptoms are:
• A cough lasting 2 to 3 weeks and beyond, usually worse in the morning
• Chest pain
• Blood in sputum (mucus and saliva produced when coughing or clearing the throat)
• shortness of breath
Spinal tuberculosis can cause back pain and kidney tuberculosis can cause blood in the urine.
TB in the brain can cause headaches, neck stiffness, confusion, vomiting, altered mental status, seizures, and other neurological signs and symptoms.
Generally, a person with active TB in any organ may have the following symptoms:
Lose weight
Loss of appetite
Cold
Fever
Even if the weather is cold, sweating at night while sleeping
Ways to prevent tuberculosis
• Every child should be given the BCG vaccine after birth.
• The immune system of the body should be increased by consuming nutritious and balanced food.
• The living environment should be open, light, and airy.
• Living in a crowded environment should be avoided as much as possible.
• In the case of immunosuppressant diseases like diabetes, proper treatment should be taken.
• Tuberculosis patients should always cover their mouthnosesd nose.
• A certain distance should be maintained while talking to a patient with tuberculosis.
• The patient should be isolated from everyone else until the patient is sterile.
• Sputum should be avoided where the patient is infected.
Treatment
Treatment of TB disease is long-term, the patient needs to continue taking the right medicine for six months continuously without any break to recover completely from TB. However, depending on the type of tuberculosis, the duration of treatment may be prolonged. Even if the sample is collected two months after taking the drug, the report may come back negative. Therefore, if the dosage is not regularly followed, the latent bacteria responsible for tuberculosis may become active again. On the other hand, tuberculosis can re-establish itself in the body. That is why it is necessary to take the medicine for a long time so that the latent bacteria cannot become active again.
Under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, a nutritional allowance of 500 rupees per month is given to tuberculosis patients.
Tuberculosis can reoccupy the body. Even after recovery, about 10-12 percent of cases are likely to get TB again. However, it occurs more in people who smoke, drink alcohol, and have uncontrolled diabetes. Malnutrition is also a risk factor for tuberculosis. And for this reason, even after the treatment of tuberculosis is completed, the concerned person should be examined at least once every six months for the next two years. If symptoms of tuberculosis recur during this time, consult a doctor immediately.
Theme Of World Tuberculosis Day 2023
Yes! We Can End TB!” is this year's theme, which aims to call on leaders from around the world to act to end the TB epidemic. Take innovative steps to eradicate TB.
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